Car rental software in the UAE: what it has to handle and how to choose
Updated 10 October 2026 · doIT is not affiliated with RTA, Salik, DARB, the FTA or the Ministry of Finance
Choosing car rental software in the UAE takes more than bookings and a fleet list. It has to meet 12 local requirements, from the contract in RTA's TARS in Dubai to Salik, DARB, fines, VAT invoices if you are VAT-registered, and records. For each, we say what it rests on and give a question for the vendor.
We build custom systems for rental companies and have a stake in this choice, so the guide also says when a subscription is enough. The detail comes from the system we built for ALVI, a Dubai car rental company.
Video transcript
Choosing car rental software in the UAE? Here are six things it has to handle, and one question for the vendor on each.
One: the contract. In Dubai, a rental company must register on the systems RTA adopts. In practice, the contract should be in TARS within 3 hours of handing over the keys. Ask: how many fields does a person type?
Two: tolls. Salik and DARB tolls come to the company, not to the customer. Each one has to land on the right rental, as a separate line. Ask: can you show one toll on a rental that is already closed?
Three: fines. A fine is issued to the car, so it reaches the company. And it can show up after the car is back. Ask: where will I see a fine like that?
Four: signing. UAE law recognises electronic signatures. RTA says the unified rental contract in Dubai is confirmed with a one-time password. Ask: what kind of signature is it, and what stays in the signing record?
Five: money. Every payment should match the bank statement. E-invoicing comes in on a schedule. If it covers you and your revenue is under AED 50 million, by 1 July 2027. Ask: which accredited provider, and from what date?
Six: records. Tax records are kept for 5 years, corporate tax records for 7. Ask: can you export one past month in front of us? What do we get if we leave?
Put the answers in a table: yes, partly, no. What the vendor does not cover becomes manual work. A subscription is enough if it covers the rows that matter to you.
The full 12-row checklist is behind the QR code on screen. Need a system of your own? Leave a request at do-it.agency.
What car rental software has to handle in the UAE
Any car rental management system has the basic features: it takes bookings and keeps a fleet list. Vendors differ in how they handle UAE-specific tasks: we count 12 requirements, and each is a row in the scorecard below. For each we say whether law or daily practice asks for it, and give a question for the vendor.
| # | Requirement | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Contract into RTA TARS (Dubai) | Law and practice |
| 2 | Salik trips on the right rental | Practice |
| 3 | DARB crossings on the right rental | Practice |
| 4 | Parking and parking fines | Practice |
| 5 | Traffic fines, including late ones | Practice |
| 6 | Security deposit | RTA statement |
| 7 | Documents and signature | Law and practice |
| 8 | Bank statement and reconciliation | Practice |
| 9 | Roles: manager, broker, director | Practice |
| 10 | GPS: car, mileage, whose rental | Law and practice |
| 11 | VAT invoices and e-invoicing | Law |
| 12 | Records: kept and exportable | Law and practice |
Law means a law, resolution or decision we link to. Practice means a practical requirement: no law names it, but skipping it costs money and staff hours. RTA statement means RTA has announced it for the unified rental contract, and we did not find the rule’s text in public.
Scope: the parts on the contract, TARS, the deposit, the GPS tracker and records for RTA follow the rules of the emirate of Dubai, where RTA is the Roads and Transport Authority. We did not find a similar contract registration system in the other emirates, and did not rule one out. VAT, e-invoicing, tax records, e-signatures and personal data are federal.
Car rental software in Dubai: the contract and RTA TARS
The first test for car rental software in Dubai is the contract. RTA activated TARS, the Transportation Activities Rental System, for all rental companies in 2021. Executive Council Resolution No. 2 of 2022 requires a rental company to subscribe to and register on the systems and platforms RTA adopts; it does not name TARS. In practice, companies work to a 3-hour window: the contract should be in TARS within 3 hours of handing over the keys. RTA’s public documents name no such deadline. Either your rent-a-car software submits the contract to TARS, or someone types it into the portal after each handover and closes it there at return.
In March 2026 RTA described the unified rental contract, which applies to all car rental offices in the emirate. It gave no start date or penalties, and we did not find the contract’s text in public.
| RTA says the contract includes | Check in the software |
|---|---|
| The contract drawn up through TARS | Who enters it: the software or a person |
| Acceptance by one-time password (OTP) as the digital signature | How the customer signs your own contract and acts |
| Photos of the car at handover and at return | Both sets of photos stay with the rental |
| No undisclosed fees, such as extra charges for passing toll gates | Each toll is a separate line for the customer |
| The security deposit refunded within the specified timeframe | Amount, due date and deductions of each deposit |
In the system we built for ALVI, the contract is drawn up at key handover, registered in TARS automatically and closed at return.
Ask the vendor: Show one contract being submitted to TARS, from key handover to registered. How many fields does a person type?
The resolution’s schedule of fines has no line for a contract that never reached TARS. Its general line, for violating RTA’s bylaws, resolutions or instructions, is AED 2,000, and we found no source on whether RTA applies it here. The contract steps and RTA’s other fines for rental companies are in our TARS guide.
RTA’s statement gives no number of days for the deposit refund. If the software does not track deposits, someone keeps them in a side list. The system we built for ALVI does not track them: staff write the amount into the contract form by hand.
Ask the vendor: Where do I see every deposit we hold, when each is due back and what was deducted?
Salik, DARB and parking: every charge on the right rental
Salik charges the account of the car’s owner, the rental company, and under Dubai’s toll regulation of 2019 each car has its own tag on that account.
A charge belongs to the rental whose window, from key handover to actual return, contains its time. Match by date instead, and a car that came back at noon and went out again at 16:00 has two customers for that day’s tolls. A charge outside every rental gets marked as such and stays off customers’ bills. In the system we built for ALVI, each charge is attached to the right rental without anyone matching it, and the whole fleet’s charges show in one feed.
Example timeline for car BB 69186 on one day. Rental 1 ends when the car comes back at 12:00, Rental 2 starts at 16:00. A Salik trip at 08:20 belongs to Rental 1. A Parkonic parking charge at 13:30 falls between the rentals: it is marked as outside every rental and is not put on any customer. A DARB crossing at 22:40 at the Al Qurm gate belongs to Rental 2
Example: BB 69186 comes back at 12:00 and goes out again at 16:00
One feed · BB 69186
- 08:20Salik tripRental 1
- 13:30Parking, ParkonicOutside every rental
- 22:40DARB crossing, Al QurmRental 2
By date, this day has two customers for its charges. By the rental window, each charge has one, and the parking between rentals has none
- A charge belongs to the rental whose window, from key handover to actual return, contains its time
- The system we built for ALVI works this way: charges are attached to the right rental, and the whole fleet’s charges show in one feed
Plate and times are made up for the exampleSource: our own work on ALVI’s system; Al Qurm charges around the clock: Abu Dhabi Mobility
Salik. Since 31 January 2025 the tariff depends on the time of the trip, at every gate, according to Salik’s disclosure to the Dubai Financial Market:
| Salik trip | Tariff before VAT |
|---|---|
| Weekdays, peak hours: 06:00–10:00 and 16:00–20:00 | AED 6 |
| Weekdays, off-peak: 10:00–16:00 and 20:00–01:00 | AED 4 |
| Sundays, except public holidays and events | AED 4 through the day |
| 01:00–06:00 | No charge |
| VAT | 5% on top since 1 June 2026, according to Salik’s statement of 22 May 2026 |
Ramadan has its own hours. A flat price per trip no longer fits: the software needs the amount of each trip. If the account stays short past the grace period, the fine goes to the car’s owner, the company. Salik’s grace periods and fine amounts are outside this guide. They are in our guide Salik for company cars and rental fleets.
Ask the vendor: Show one Salik trip on a closed rental: which rental is it on, and how does the customer see it as a separate line with VAT?
DARB. A paid crossing at Abu Dhabi’s toll gates costs AED 4. The rules below come from Abu Dhabi Mobility’s pages on fees and fines and its releases of 15 August 2025 and 23 April 2026.
| DARB rule | What Abu Dhabi Mobility says |
|---|---|
| Four bridge gates | Monday to Saturday, 07:00–09:00 and 15:00–19:00. Free on Sundays and official public holidays |
| Ghantoot and Al Qurm gates | 24 hours a day, seven days a week, since 4 May 2026 |
| Unregistered vehicle | A fine once 10 working days have passed since the crossing |
| Too little in the wallet, vehicle registered outside Abu Dhabi | 5 working days, then AED 50 for each transaction |
Two gates charge at night and on Sundays, so software that expects DARB only in peak hours misses those crossings. A Dubai rental car is registered outside Abu Dhabi: as we read these rules, the DARB registration and the wallet balance fall on the company. Ask any vendor whether the software shows the Salik and DARB balances and warns you when one runs low. Gates, registration and the wallet are in our guide DARB for company and rental vehicles.
Ask the vendor: Show a DARB crossing at night or on a Sunday. Is it on the rental, and did it reach the customer’s invoice?
Parking. A parking charge is tied to the plate, so it comes to the company. RTA’s Pay Public Parking Fines service finds fines at public paid parking in Dubai by plate number or fine number, and RTA says companies can use it. In the system we built for ALVI, parking charges come from one operator, Parkonic, in the same feed as Salik. We did not check parking tariffs, zones or other emirates.
Ask the vendor: Where do parking charges and parking fines come from, and which operators are covered?
Traffic fines on a rental car
In practice, a traffic fine is issued to the car, so it reaches the company that owns it, and whether the renter pays depends on the rental contract. RTA’s Pay Vehicle Fines service page, updated on 6 October 2026, says this about finding a fine, paying it and tying it to a driver:
| Question | What the service page says |
|---|---|
| How to find a fine | By fine number, plate details, licence number or Traffic File number |
| Which fines it covers | Fines issued in Dubai, other emirates, municipalities and GCC countries. For a fine that cannot be paid in Dubai, contact the authority that issued it |
| What it adds | A Knowledge and Innovation fee of AED 20 per fine |
| How a fine is tied to a driver | For fines with black points: the owner states who was driving, and that driver confirms with a code |
The page covers payment and promises no single list of fines from all emirates. In RTA’s public service descriptions we found no procedure for passing an ordinary fine to a renter. Without software, someone checks fines for each plate, finds who had the car that day and bills that customer.
A fine can also appear after the car is back and the final invoice has gone out. The system we built for ALVI flags such a fine. Ask any vendor whether the software can tell a fine issued to the company from a fine for the customer’s driving.
Example. Keys for car BB 69186 are handed over on Monday at 10:00. A traffic fine is issued on Tuesday at 17:40, inside the rental, but it is not shown yet. On Wednesday at 18:00 the car is returned and the final invoice is issued without the fine. Later the fine shows up: it is on the same rental and flagged as arrived after the return
Example: a fine that shows up after the final invoice
Rental · Sara M. · BB 69186
The system we built for ALVI flags such a fine: it was not in the invoice issued at return
- We give no number of days: our sources name none
- Ask the vendor where a late fine shows up and how it reaches the customer
Name, plate and times are made up for the exampleSource: our own work on ALVI’s system
Ask the vendor: Show a fine that appeared after the car was returned. Where do I see it, and how does it reach the customer?
Documents, signatures and customer data
UAE law recognises electronic signatures. Under Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2021, a person may use any form of e-signature unless the legislation in force provides otherwise. The law describes more than one kind of e-signature, and our sources do not say which kind a rental contract needs. For the unified contract, RTA names a one-time password as the digital signature.
The documents of one rental in the system we built for ALVI:
| Document | When the system makes it |
|---|---|
| Invoice and rental contract | After the manager confirms the booking, in up to 5 seconds |
| Receipt | After the payment is confirmed |
| Handover act | At key handover |
| Return act and final invoice | At return |
The customer signs the contract and the acts in their account or with a finger on a staff member’s screen, and the signature goes into the PDF.
Documents also expire: a car’s insurance and registration, a customer’s licence. The system we built for ALVI tracks those dates and sends a daily digest of what is about to expire. Ask any vendor whether the software warns you before a document runs out.
Passport and licence scans are personal data. Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021, as the UAE Government portal describes it, prohibits processing personal data without the owner’s consent, with some exceptions, and obliges companies to keep it secure and confidential. Ask where the software stores passports and licences and who can open them.
Ask the vendor: Sign a contract on a phone in front of us. What kind of signature is it, and what stays in the signing record?
Money: bank statements, VAT and e-invoicing
Bank reconciliation is a practical requirement: every payment matched to an invoice, cash and bank in one place, the balance equal to the bank statement. Without it, someone types payments from the statement and reconciles the balance in a spreadsheet.
Ask the vendor: Open last month: does the balance in the software match the bank statement, and who confirmed each payment?
VAT. Tax invoices are a duty of a VAT-registered business, and not every small rental company is registered. The numbers, from the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Authority (FTA):
| VAT rule | Number |
|---|---|
| Standard rate | 5%, since 1 January 2018 |
| Mandatory registration | Taxable supplies and imports above AED 375,000 over the previous 12 months, or expected to exceed it in the next 30 days |
| Voluntary registration | Taxable supplies and imports (or taxable expenses) above AED 187,500 |
According to the FTA’s public clarification on tax invoices, a VAT-registered business that makes a taxable supply must issue a tax invoice and deliver it to the customer. For the details a tax invoice must carry, check the FTA’s site and ask your accountant. Ask the vendor for a sample of the tax invoice the software gives the customer, and show it to your accountant.
E-invoicing. Ministerial Decision No. 243 of 2025 defines an e-invoice as an invoice issued, sent and received in a structured electronic format that allows automatic processing: more than a file for a person to read. The issuer sends it through an accredited service provider within 14 days of the transaction. Decision No. 244 of 2025 keeps business-to-consumer transactions outside the system until the Minister decides otherwise. It does the same for a business that deals only with individuals. As we read it, rentals to individuals stay outside for now and rentals to companies follow the schedule below; check with your accountant.
The schedule for a business subject to the system, as amended by Decision No. 66 of 2026:
E-invoicing schedule for a business subject to the system. Pilot programme and voluntary implementation from 1 July 2026. Revenue of AED 50 million or more: appoint an accredited service provider by 30 October 2026 and implement e-invoicing by 1 January 2027. Revenue under AED 50 million: appoint a provider by 31 March 2027 and implement by 1 July 2027
For a business subject to e-invoicing
Revenue under AED 50 million: a provider by 31 March 2027, e-invoicing by 1 July 2027
- Business-to-consumer transactions, and a business that deals only with individuals, stay outside until the Minister decides otherwise
- As we read it, rentals to companies follow this schedule; check with your accountant
Source: Ministerial Decision No. 244 of 2025 as amended by Decision No. 66 of 2026; checked on 10 October 2026
Penalties under Cabinet Decision No. 106 of 2025: AED 5,000 for each month or part of a month of delay in implementing the system or appointing a provider, and AED 100 per e-invoice not issued and sent on time, up to AED 5,000 per calendar month. They do not apply to voluntary users.
Ask the vendor: Do you issue tax invoices with VAT? Which accredited provider will send our e-invoices, and from what date?
Roles and GPS
Roles are a practical requirement: a manager or a broker sees their own customers and orders, and none of other people’s customers, the cash, the bank or overall finances. The system we built for ALVI has six roles: manager, broker, director, customer, company representative and company driver. It has no screen for fine-tuning permissions: each person gets one role.
Ask the vendor: Log in as a broker. What do they see of other brokers’ customers, the cash and the bank?
In Dubai, Resolution No. 2 of 2022 requires a rental company to install the vehicle tracking system approved by the Security Industry Regulatory Agency (SIRA), under RTA’s rules; the fine for not installing it is AED 4,000. You also need to see each car, and its rental, in your software: no law asks for that, but daily work does. In the system we built for ALVI, staff see the fleet on a map, a car’s route, mileage and speed, and which customer has it. The data comes from SecurePath by SIRA trackers.
Ask the vendor: Open a car that is on rent now: where is it, whose rental is it, what is the mileage since handover?
Records: how long to keep them and how to export them
Two sets of rules require records: Dubai’s rental rules and federal tax rules.
| Rule | What to keep | How long |
|---|---|---|
| Dubai rental rules | Records with all the data on the rental activity | The periods RTA prescribes; the resolution gives no number |
| Tax procedures | Accounting records and commercial books | 5 years after the tax period they relate to |
| Corporate tax law | Records and documents that support the tax return | 7 years after the end of the tax period |
| E-invoicing | E-invoices, credit notes and their data, inside the UAE | The period set by the Tax Procedures Law |
The 5 years come from the tax procedures rules and cover accounting records and commercial books. The 7 years come from the corporate tax law and cover the records and documents that support the tax return. Which of your records fall under which period is a question for your accountant.
The Dubai resolution sets fines of AED 500 each for not keeping the records and for not giving RTA the information, data or documents it asks for. Tax records can be electronic copies if you can produce a readable copy when the FTA asks. Five or seven years can outlast a subscription, so you need an export you can keep.
Ask the vendor: Export all contracts, acts and invoices for one past month right now. What do we get if we leave?
What to ask on a vendor demo
A question like “Do you support Salik?” gets a yes and tells you nothing. Ask the vendor to show it on one contract. The tool below turns a vendor’s promises into requests to show.
Ask to see
Show one contract going into TARS, from key handover to registered. How many fields does a person type?
Show a fine that appeared after the car was returned. Where do I see it, and how does it reach the customer?
Show one Salik trip on a closed rental: which rental did it land on, and how does the customer see it as a separate line with VAT?
Show a DARB crossing at night or on a Sunday. Did it land on the rental and reach the customer's invoice?
Take one payment and follow it: which invoice did it close, where is it in the bank statement, does the balance match?
Sign a contract on a phone in front of us. What kind of signature is it, and what stays in the signing record?
Do you issue tax invoices with VAT? Which accredited provider will send our e-invoices, and from what date?
Export all contracts, acts and invoices for one past month right now. What do we get if we leave?
The slide is made up: no real product is behind it
All checks as a list
- RTA integration
- Show one contract going into TARS, from key handover to registered. How many fields does a person type?
- Fines handled automatically
- Show a fine that appeared after the car was returned. Where do I see it, and how does it reach the customer?
- Salik included
- Show one Salik trip on a closed rental: which rental did it land on, and how does the customer see it as a separate line with VAT?
- Works across the UAE
- Show a DARB crossing at night or on a Sunday. Did it land on the rental and reach the customer's invoice?
- Online payments
- Take one payment and follow it: which invoice did it close, where is it in the bank statement, does the balance match?
- Paperless contracts
- Sign a contract on a phone in front of us. What kind of signature is it, and what stays in the signing record?
- VAT and e-invoicing ready
- Do you issue tax invoices with VAT? Which accredited provider will send our e-invoices, and from what date?
- Reports in one click
- Export all contracts, acts and invoices for one past month right now. What do we get if we leave?
How to choose car rental software: score each vendor
Score two or three vendors on the same 12 requirements. Mark the ones that matter to your business, set Yes, Partly or No for each vendor, then read what stays manual with each one: that is the price of that option, paid in staff hours.
Under the implementing bylaw of 2022, RTA publishes technical requirements on its website, and they bind companies 30 days after publication unless RTA sets another time frame. Ask each vendor how many days the software needs to support a new requirement, and who pays for the change.
In the table below, mark Yes for what the vendor showed on a contract and Partly for what the vendor only described.
Vendor A: what stays manual
- PartlyNoContract into RTA TARS (Dubai)Ask which part stays manual: opening the contract in TARS or closing it at returnType every contract into TARS by hand right after handover and close it there at return
- PartlyNoSalik trips on the right rentalAsk which part stays manual: getting the trips in or matching them to rentalsDownload Salik trips and match each one to a rental by plate and time
- PartlyNoDARB crossings on the right rentalAsk whether crossings reach the invoice or only show up in a listCheck the DARB account for each car and add crossings to the customer's invoice by hand
- PartlyNoParking and parking finesAsk which parking operators are covered and which you check by handLook up parking fines by plate on the RTA site, and match each parking charge to a rental
- PartlyNoTraffic fines, including late onesAsk about fines from other emirates and fines that appear after the final invoiceCheck fines for each plate, find who had the car that day and bill the customer
- PartlyNoSecurity depositAsk whether the software reminds you of the refund date or only stores the amountKeep a separate list of deposits: amount, date taken, date due back, deductions
- PartlyNoDocuments and signatureAsk which documents the software builds and which are still signed on paperFill in contracts, handover and return acts and invoices by hand, print them, sign on paper and scan
- PartlyNoBank statement and reconciliationAsk whether transactions come in by themselves and who matches them to invoicesEnter payments from the bank statement by hand and reconcile the balance in a spreadsheet
- PartlyNoRoles: manager, broker, directorAsk whether a broker's access can be limited to their own customers and ordersShare one login, or keep brokers out of the software and send them data in messages
- PartlyNoGPS: car, mileage, whose rentalAsk whether the map knows the rental or only shows the carOpen the tracker's own app and look up by plate who has the car now
- PartlyNoVAT invoices and e-invoicingAsk about e-invoices for rentals to companies: who the provider is and when it startsIssue tax invoices in a separate program and set up e-invoicing with a provider yourself
- PartlyNoRecords: kept and exportableAsk in what format the export comes and how many years the vendor keeps the dataSave a copy of every contract, act and invoice yourself and keep the archive for years
Mark the rows and the list will appear hereNothing stays manual on the rows you filled in
To fill in your own, download the spreadsheet
The example is made up and does not describe any real productYour marks are saved in this browser onlyThis browser does not save the marks: they last until you leave the page
The list under the table is the work you take on with that vendor. Show it to the person who would do it. The same table comes as a spreadsheet to download.
Is a subscription enough for a small rental business?
A subscription is enough when three things hold:
- the vendor covers every row you marked important
- the list of what stays manual is short, and you have a person for it
- your process matches how the ready-made software works
A subscription falls short when an important row stays at No and the manual work on it grows with each car, as with matching charges or typing contracts into TARS, or when you need rules or roles the vendor does not offer.
Check the rows that are easy to miss in a demo: brokers who need their own access (row 9), cars that drive to Abu Dhabi and cross DARB gates (row 3), and rentals to companies, which as we read the rules fall under the e-invoicing schedule (row 11).
Where the line falls depends on the rows you marked important. We found no checked fleet size at which a subscription stops being enough, so we name none. While your process is still changing, a system of your own is too early: wait until it stops changing, and until then stay with spreadsheets or a subscription.
If the company is not open yet, see how to start a car rental business in Dubai.
A system of your own costs money and time to build, and the work does not end at launch: rules change, and someone has to carry each change into the system. RTA publishes technical requirements on its website, Salik added 5% VAT from 1 June 2026, and a business subject to e-invoicing has to implement it on the Ministry of Finance’s schedule: by 1 July 2027 if its revenue is under AED 50 million.
How the system we built for ALVI covers this list
ALVI is a car rental company in Dubai. We built its car rental management system, and it is live; the story is in the ALVI case, and what we build for rental companies in the UAE is on our UAE page. The TARS contract, documents and the daily digest of expiring documents are described above. The rest of the list, with the point where the system stops:
| Area | What the system does | Where it stops |
|---|---|---|
| Salik, DARB, Parkonic parking, fines | Each charge is attached to the right rental, in one feed. The customer sees theirs in the account. At return, Salik, parking and fines for the rental go into the final invoice | DARB does not go into the final invoice by itself. A fine that arrives after the return is not in the invoice issued at return |
| Customer’s licence and passport | Reads them from a photo | The manager confirms what was read |
| Bank | Every transaction on the account comes into the system without manual entry. The system checks the balance against the statement | Its lines count only after the manager accepts the statement |
| Invoices | Up to two per order: one for the rental and one for the final settlement at return | The manager sets each invoice’s payment status |
| GPS | Fleet map, a car’s route, mileage and speed, which customer has it | No driver ratings or driving analysis |
| Security deposit | Not tracked | Staff write the amount into the contract form by hand |
The table has no rows for VAT invoices, e-invoicing or records export: for those this guide relies on the published rules.
Sources
This guide is written by doIT and is not an official document, legal advice or tax advice. The interactive blocks in it are illustrations. The parts on contracts, TARS, records and GPS describe the rules of the emirate of Dubai. Rules and amounts were checked against the listed sources on 10 October 2026; for Salik's VAT we rely on reports of the operator's statement. For current rules and amounts, check with RTA, the toll operators, the FTA and your accountant
- RTA: launch of the online Transportation Activities Rental System, October 2021
- RTA: raising public awareness of the unified contract for car rental offices, March 2026
- Dubai Executive Council Resolution No. 2 of 2022
- Dubai Administrative Resolution No. 571 of 2022, Implementing Bylaw
- Salik Company PJSC: disclosure on variable pricing, Dubai Financial Market, 17 January 2025
- Salik: statement of 22 May 2026 on 5% VAT on toll tariffs from 1 June 2026 (the operator's own page did not open for us; we rely on reports of the statement in UAE media)
- Dubai Administrative Resolution No. 361 of 2019 on the toll system
- Abu Dhabi Mobility: DARB fees
- Abu Dhabi Mobility: DARB fines
- Abu Dhabi Mobility: amendments to the road toll regulations, 15 August 2025
- Abu Dhabi Mobility: two new DARB gates, 23 April 2026
- RTA: Pay Vehicle Fines, service page
- RTA: Pay Public Parking Fines
- UAE Ministry of Finance: Value Added Tax
- Federal Tax Authority: Registration for VAT
- Federal Tax Authority: VAT Public Clarification VATP006, Tax Invoices
- Cabinet Decision No. 74 of 2023, Executive Regulation of the Tax Procedures Law
- Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 on the Taxation of Corporations and Businesses
- Ministerial Decision No. 243 of 2025 on the Electronic Invoicing System
- Ministerial Decision No. 244 of 2025 on the Implementation of the Electronic Invoicing System
- Ministerial Decision No. 66 of 2026 amending Decision No. 244 of 2025
- Cabinet Decision No. 106 of 2025 on violations and penalties for electronic invoicing
- Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2021 on Electronic Transactions and Trust Services
- UAE Government portal: data protection laws
- Our own work: the system we built for ALVI